All foreign nationals must have a visa to enter the Republic of Turkmenistan. The Immigration Service of the Republic of Turkmenistan issues tourist visas to Turkmenistan in response to an application from an authorized travel agency in Turkmenistan. The approval process typically takes three to four weeks. Without providing any justification, the Immigration Service maintains the discretion to reject a visa application. The Republic of Turkmenistan's embassy or consulate in the nation where the visitor will obtain their visa will receive a fax with their approved visa application.
Tourists can receive a visa upon arrival at Ashgabat Airport, the Turkmen land border at Farab (Bukhara, Uzbekistan), Shavat (Khiva, Uzbekistan), Khojeyli (Nukus, Uzbekistan), Gaudan (Bajgiran/Mashhad, Iran), and Bekdash by applying for one at any Turkmenistan embassy or consulate overseas (Aktau, Kazakhstan).
At some of the land crossings like Serakhs (Iran), Serhetabat (Afghanistan), and Turkmenbashi, visas are not issued upon arrival.
It is possible to obtain a transit visa for Turkmenistan without a LOI (Letter of Invitation). If necessary, it can be obtained in any Turkmenistan Consulate upon presentation of a valid onward ticket or visa. At any border crossing in Turkmenistan, including the airport in Ashgabat, a transit visa is not available.